Tripartite Interim Agreement on the Incomati and Maputo Watercourses (2002)

Water sharing agreement between South Africa, Mozambique, and Eswatini (then Swaziland) covering both the Incomati and Maputo river systems. Signed on 29 August 2002 at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg. Establishes the principles of equitable and reasonable utilization and the obligation not to cause significant harm. Specifies minimum flow requirements at key gauging points along both river systems. Commits parties to regular data exchange and joint monitoring. Designated as 'interim' pending conclusion of a comprehensive agreement. Strengthened the mandate of the existing Tripartite Permanent Technical Committee (TPTC). Addresses both quantity and quality of shared water resources.