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Incomati Ecological Reserve Assessment
Ecological Reserve determination studies for the Incomati River system under South Africa's National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998). The Ecological Reserve represents the quantity... -
Transboundary Water Governance Best Practices (GWP)
Global Water Partnership (GWP) guidelines for effective shared watercourse management. Synthesises international experience in transboundary water governance, drawing on case... -
Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Project ICJ Judgment (1997)
Landmark judgment of the International Court of Justice in the case concerning the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v Slovakia), decided on 25 September 1997. Arose from a... -
SADC Regional Water Policy (2005)
Strategic framework for regional water resources management adopted by SADC member states in 2005. Supports implementation of the Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses. Covers... -
Incomati Basin Joint Water Resources Study
Comprehensive hydrological and water resources study of the Incomati River Basin shared by South Africa (62% of catchment area), Mozambique (27%), and Eswatini (11%). The... -
Brisbane Declaration on Environmental Flows (2007)
International consensus statement on the critical importance of environmental flows for sustaining freshwater ecosystems and the human livelihoods that depend on them. Issued at... -
INMACOM Watercourse Commission Establishment Agreement (2021)
Agreement establishing the Incomati and Maputo Watercourse Commission (INMACOM) as a full watercourse commission, superseding the advisory Tripartite Permanent Technical... -
Tripartite Interim Agreement on the Incomati and Maputo Watercourses (2002)
Water sharing agreement between South Africa, Mozambique, and Eswatini (then Swaziland) covering both the Incomati and Maputo river systems. Signed on 29 August 2002 at the... -
SADC Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses (2000)
The only legally binding water instrument in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Originally signed in 1995 as the first binding regional water agreement in the... -
UN Convention on Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (1997)
The primary international legal instrument governing transboundary watercourse management. Contains 37 articles organised in seven parts covering: scope and definitions, general...