Compilation of Mozambique's key environmental and biodiversity laws relevant to freshwater conservation. Lei do Ambiente (Law 20/1997): framework environmental law establishing principles of sustainable development, the polluter-pays principle, and environmental impact assessment requirements. Lei de Aguas (Law 16/1991): water resources management law establishing state ownership of water resources, licensing requirements for water use, and provisions for transboundary water cooperation. Biodiversity Law (Law 16/2014): comprehensive law for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, covering protected areas, species protection, biosafety, access and benefit-sharing, and traditional knowledge. EIA Regulations (Decree 54/2015): detailed requirements for environmental impact assessment including categories of activities requiring assessment. ANAC (National Administration of Conservation Areas): manages Mozambique's conservation area network including Limpopo National Park adjacent to the Incomati Basin. Mozambique's legislation provides the downstream partner framework for transboundary freshwater governance in the Incomati system.