SADC Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses (2000)

The only legally binding water instrument in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Originally signed in 1995 as the first binding regional water agreement in the world. Revised in 2000 to harmonise with the UN Watercourses Convention principles. Entered into force on 22 September 2003. Applies to 15 shared river basins across SADC's 16 member states. Article 3 establishes general principles including sustainable, equitable and reasonable utilization. Article 4 covers specific provisions on environmental protection, pollution prevention, and emergency situations. Article 7 provides the institutional framework for Shared Watercourse Institutions (SWIs). Mandates cooperation, data exchange, and prior notification of planned measures.