Ecological Reserve determination studies for the Incomati River system under South Africa's National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998). The Ecological Reserve represents the quantity and quality of water required to protect aquatic ecosystems and ensure their long-term sustainability, and has the highest legal priority alongside basic human needs. Covers desktop and intermediate level assessments for the major Incomati tributaries: the Crocodile (Kwena) River, Sabie River, and Komati River. Includes flow-ecology relationships, environmental flow requirements by month, ecological categories, and recommended operating rules. Of particular significance for Kruger National Park, where the Sabie and Crocodile rivers support critical freshwater biodiversity. Highlights the transboundary dimension — Reserve implementation in South Africa directly affects water availability for downstream Mozambique, requiring coordination through the IncoMaputo Agreement framework.